Problem: What speed of the dominoes will make the car go furthest?
Hypothesis: I believe the faster the dominoes go, the distance the toy car will travel will be farther because there will be more input force from the dominoes giving a great output force on the car, which will therefore make the car travel farther.
Experimental Design:
Variables-
CV- size of dominoes( 2in by 1in), same car(toy truck), same surface tested on(carpet),person pushing dominoes
IV- the speed of dominoes (we will change this by making them closer together or spreading them apart)
DV- the speed of dominoes that makes the car travel furthest
Control- when the dominoes are spread out 1 inch apart
Materials-
1 ruler
1 toy truck/car
7 dominoes (2 inches by 1 inch)
1 stop watch
1 calculator
Procedure:
1. Gather all materials
2. Set up 7 dominoes in a row 1 and 1/2 inches apart and put the car right after it
3. Push the dominoes and use a stopwatch to measure the time it takes for all the dominoes to fall
4. Measure the distance of the row of dominoes with a ruler
5. calculate the speed of the dominoes by using distance/ time to equal speed
6. Set up the dominoes again and push to measure thee distance the car rolls
7. Conduct three trials
8. Record results
9. repeat steps 2-8 with the dominoes 1 inch apart and 1/2 an inch apart
10. record all data
11. Clean up
Observation:
Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | ||||
1 and 1/2 inches apart | Speed | Distance | Speed | Distance | Speed | Distance |
19.4 inches per second | 3 and 1/2 inches | 19.4 inches per second | 4 and 1/2 inches | 19.4 inches per second | 3 inches | |
1 inch apart | ||||||
10.2 inches per second | 7 and 1/2 inches | 10.2 inches per second | 6 and 1/2 inches | 10.2 inches per second | 7 inches | |
1/2 an inch apart | Speed | |||||
7.1 inches per second | 7 inches | 7. 1inches per second | 9 inches | 7.1 inches per second | 7 inches |
Averages Distances of the Car | |
1 and 1/2 inches apart | 3 and 2/3 inches |
1 inch apart | 7 inches |
1/2 inch apart | 7 and 2/3 inches |
Conclusion:
In this experiment we tested to see what speed of the dominoes made the car at the end travel farthest. We conducted this experiment very scientifically. We figured out the speed of the dominoes by using the equation to find speed, which is distance divided by time equals speed. We found the speed of the cycle of dominoes for each trial. Even though we weren't testing for the speed of the dominoes, that was a key component to figure out the distance the car travels. I hypothesized that the faster the dominoes go, the further the car will go. However, my hypothesis was proven unsupported because the faster the dominoes went, the car went the shortest distance. The average distances that the car traveled were.. For the 1 and 1/2 inches apart- 3 and 2/3 inches, for the 1 inch apart- 7 inches, and for the 1/2 inch apart- 7 and 2/3 inches. One thing we could have done better is measured th3e dominoes and car distance a little more accurately. we will be sure to do this next time. This experiment applies to the physical world because it meets all the three laws. It meets the first one for when the car is at rest and an unbalanced force(the dominoes) act upon it. It meets the second law by showing the greater force of the dominoes impact the car to have the greatest acceleration. Finally, it meets the third law by having one reaction type on the car which makes the car have a different reaction type. Overall our group made this experiment very scientific and try our best.
Proficiency #2- Experiment with and explain how friction and gravity apply to Newton's laws
(Undergoing modification)
Problem: Which type of surface for the ramp will make the ball drop the fastest off of it?
Hypothesis: I believe that the plastic ramp will make the ball drop the fastest because I think that it has the most sturdy and smooth surface which will give the ball more speed when dropping off.
Experimental Design:
Variables:
CV- ball, same person pushing the ball, same force when pushed, the angle the ramp is on, timer
IV- ramp surface
DV- the material of the ramp that will make the ball drop fastest
Control-
Materials:
-cling wrap
-plastic wrap
-painters tape
-stopwatch/timer
-ball
Procedure:
1. Gather all materials
2. Set up plastic wrap ramp
3. Place the ball at the top
4. Release the ball
5. Record how many seconds it is in the air before it hits the ground
6. Record data
7. Repeat steps three to six twice and then 3 more times with the plastic ramp and the painters tape
8. Set up graphs
9. Clean up materials
Observation:
Friction and Gravity Lab | |||
Type of Ramp | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 |
Cling Wrap | 0.41 | 0.42 | 0.41 |
Plastic | 0.22 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
Tape | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.35 |
***all numbers represented in time*** |
Graph:
In this experiment we tested to see what ramp surface would make the ball drop fastest from it. I hypothesized that the plastic ramp would make the ball drop fastest because it is more sturdy. My hypothesis was proven to be supported. We started by setting up the ramp/s. We placed the ball at the top of the ramp then released it and measured how fast it took dropping off the ramp. We gathered all of our data and made it into a data table and graph. The average time for the cling wrap ramp was .41 seconds, average time for the plastic ramp was .28 seconds, and the average time for the tape ramp was .34 seconds. This supporting the fact that the plastic ramp made the ball drop fastest. We eliminated external variables by making sure our results were accurate by conducting three trials. We also measured everything as accurately as we could. We could have done a little better job of measuring than we did, but we will make sure to do that next time. Overall, this was a good experiment!
Proficiency #3- Experiment with and explain how speed and acceleration impact Newton's Laws of Motion
Problem: What car has the greatest deceleration after going down an inclined plane?
Hypothesis: I think that the car with ten quarters on top of it will have the greatest deceleration because of the extra weight will that will decrease the gravitational pull making the car go slower after coming off the ramp .
Experimental Design:
Materials:
Car (4.67 grams)
10 quarters
Ramp made out of tape
Stopwatch
Ruler
Variables:
CV- same car, same ramp, same stopwatch, same ruler, force that the car gets pushed down the ramp
IV- amount of quarters on the car
DV- acceleration of the car
Control- Car with no quarters
Procedure:
1. Gather all materials
2. Set up ramp (14.5 inches long)
3. Send car with no extra weight down the ramp
4. Record the starting time and the ending time
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 two more times
6. Send car with 5 quarters taped on it down the ramp
7. Record the starting time and the ending time
8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 two more times
9. Send car with 10 quarters taped on it down the ramp
10. Record the starting time and the ending time
11. Repeat steps 9 and 10 two more times
12. Figure out the speed by using the distance of the ramp and the time that the car took to go down
13. Use the speed for starting and final to figure out the acceleration.
14. Clean up
External Variables:
How did you eliminate external variables? Were you successful?
One external variable that we tried to eliminate is that the ramp was made out of tape so each time the car went down the ramp it moved a little bit. To eliminate this variable after every trial we re-taped the ramp down so that it was sturdy and that the results would be accurate. We did successfully eliminate this variable because we did re-tape the ramp after each trial that's why we got accurate results.
Observations
Starting Speed (in/s) | ||||
Trial1 | Trials 2 | Trial 3 | Averages | |
0 Quarters | 36.3 | 65.9 | 46.8 | 49.7 |
5 Quarters | 40.3 | 32.2 | 46.8 | 39.7 |
10 Quarters | 21.6 | 29.6 | 36.3 | 29.2 |
Final Speed | ||||
0 Quarters | 11.3 | 17.5 | 10.2 | 13 |
5 Quarters | 11.4 | 7.9 | 11.1 | 10.1 |
10 Quarters | 9.9 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.4 |
Starting Time | ||||
Trial1 | Trials 2 | Trial 3 | Averages | |
0 Quarters | 0.4 | 0.22 | 0.31 | 0.31 |
5 Quarters | 0.36 | 0.45 | 0.31 | 0.37 |
10 Quarters | 0.67 | 0.49 | 0.4 | 0.52 |
FInal Time | ||||
Trial1 | Trials 2 | Trial 3 | Averages | |
0 Quarters | 0.9 | 0.63 | 1.03 | 0.85 |
5 Quarters | 0.94 | 1.44 | 1.08 | 1.15 |
10 Quarters | 1.26 | 1.21 | 1.26 | 1.24 |
Deceleration (in/s/s) | ||||
Trial1 | Trials 2 | Trial 3 | Averages | |
0 Quarters | -19.2 | -56.9 | -27.3 | -34.5 |
5 Quarters | -22.2 | -12.9 | -25.7 | -20.3 |
10 Quarters | -6.1 | -11.1 | -15.4 | -10.9 |
Proficiency #4- Explain and experiment with how simple machines utilize mechanical advantage to transfer energy
(Could write a paper about the Rube Goldberg and the relationship it has on and with mechanical advantage and add video)
Simple machines utilize mechanical advantage to transfer energy by using input and output force. Mechanical advantage is the factor by which a machine multiplies its force put into it. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. When mechanical advantage is put into use, it almost always produces kinetic energy. For example, a certain amount of force is put into one side of a pulley and the outcome is that of the other side. This is mechanical advantage which then transfers to kinetic energy when the pulley releases another thing.
Potential energy is when an object can store energy as a result of its position. Simple machines create this when an object is held at an elevated height and is waiting to be hit. There is an amount of energy waiting to be released inside that object. In other words, this could be the output force in mechanical advantage when testing on a pulley, inclined plane, or really any simple machine.
The ball starts off by going down an inclined plane then transferring energy into a screw. The ball changes speeds in the screw and transfers more energy into another screw. The ball goes through the second screw and transfers into a wheel and axle. The wheel and axle releases the ball onto another inclined plane and transfers its energy into levers. The levers release the car into a pulley which transfers energy in different directions. The car pushes more levers and which hit a wedge, that powdered sugar a brownie.
The ball starts off by going down an inclined plane then transferring energy into a screw. The ball changes speeds in the screw and transfers more energy into another screw. The ball goes through the second screw and transfers into a wheel and axle. The wheel and axle releases the ball onto another inclined plane and transfers its energy into levers. The levers release the car into a pulley which transfers energy in different directions. The car pushes more levers and which hit a wedge, that powdered sugar a brownie.
Proficiency #5- Effectively explain how alternate forms of energy can be utilized to influence the United States' energy needs.
Hydropower
Hydropower is electricity generated using the energy of moving water. Hydropower energy has been used for generations. Since the ancient Greeks, farmers have used water wheels to grind wheat into flour. In a river, the water wheels pick up flowing water in buckets located around the wheel. The kinetic energy of the flowing river turns the wheel and is converted into mechanical energy that runs the mill. Also, hydropower became a source of generating electricity in the late 19th century. Soon, hydropower even started to light street lamps. The first hydroelectric power plant was operated and located in Appleton, Wisconsin! Even with a few disadvantages, hydropower is very important for the United States’ electricity needs.
Hydropower is a great source to generate different types of electricity, and hydroelectric power provides almost one fifth of the world’s electricity. Hydropower is the cheapest way to generate electricity today. This is because once a dam has been built and all the equipment has been installed, the energy source of flowing water is free. Hydropower is renewable yearly by snow and rain fall. After gathering this information, you can relevantly conclude that hydropower is used very much and is much needed throughout the United States.
Hydropower is very important in the United States for many reasons, but there are a couple downsides to this efficient energy source. Damming rivers could destroy and disrupt wildlife and other natural resources. Some fish may be unable to swim upstream to spawn. Technologies like fish ladders help different types of fish to swim upstream to different spawning areas. But, the hydroelectric dams can change the migration pattern of the fish and hurt the fish population. Hydropower plants can also cause low oxygen levels, which can be harmful to the river habitats.
While hydropower can cause trouble for wildlife, I believe it is safe to say that without hydropower the United States would be spending more money than they should be. Even though some wildlife is being hurt, we can always develop new technologies to help this. We need electricity every day, and if it weren't for hydropower energy we wouldn’t have the best electricity that we could have. In society today, there are many types of alternate energies, but I believe hydropower is one of the most important energies.
Bibliography
Geographic, National. "National Geographic." 2010. 15 Nov 2010 .
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